MySQL 一主一从部署

发表于 2024-09-13 更新于 2024-10-23 分类于 Database 本文字数： 517 阅读时长 ≈ 2 分钟

一、 ENV

Master： 10.0.0.201
Slave： 10.0.0.203
mysql-version: 5.7.44

1.1 关闭防火墙和SElinux

systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

1.2 确保两台服务器时间同步

yum install chrony
yum enable chronyd --now

二、主库配置

2.1 确保以下配置开启

[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=/data/mysql/data/binlog/mysql-bin
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=ON

2.2 为从库创建用户

CREATE USER 'repl'@'10.0.0.203' IDENTIFIED BY '$PASSWORD';
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'10.0.0.203';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

2.3 锁定主库并获取日志信息

FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
SHOW MASTER STATUS;

输出示例如下，记下File 和 Position, 配置从库的时候用得到。

mysql> 
mysql> flush tables read lock;
mysql> flush tables with read lock;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> 
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| File             | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set                         |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| mysql-bin.000053 |     2392 |              |                  | 84942b7b-7c8a-11ee-a8db-4609d97455dc:1-26 |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>

2.4 解锁主库之前进行数据备份

这部分参考MySQL数据库备份

三、从库配置

3.1 确保以下配置开启

注意： 主从库的server-id一定不相同

[mysqld]
server-id=2
relay-log=/data/mysql/relay-log
gtid-mode=on
enforce-gtid-consistency=on

3.2 设置从库

mysql> 
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO
    -> MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.201',
    -> MASTER_USER='repl',
    -> MASTER_PASSWORD='$PASSWORD',                 
    -> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000053',     ## master bin-log filename 
    -> MASTER_LOG_POS=2392;                    ## master bin-log position
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.69 sec)
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> START SLAVE;                            ## start replication
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

3.3 查看从库状态

注意到如下两个参数显示为yes即表示主从复制配置成功
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

  mysql> 
  mysql> show slave status \G
  *************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 10.0.0.201
                  Master_User: repl
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000053
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 2392
               Relay_Log_File: relay-log.000003
                Relay_Log_Pos: 320
        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000053
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: 
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 
  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: 
                   Last_Errno: 0
                   Last_Error: 
                 Skip_Counter: 0
          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 2392
              Relay_Log_Space: 521
              Until_Condition: None
               Until_Log_File: 
                Until_Log_Pos: 0
           Master_SSL_Allowed: No
           Master_SSL_CA_File: 
           Master_SSL_CA_Path: 
              Master_SSL_Cert: 
            Master_SSL_Cipher: 
               Master_SSL_Key: 
        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
                Last_IO_Errno: 0
                Last_IO_Error: 
               Last_SQL_Errno: 0
               Last_SQL_Error: 
  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: 
             Master_Server_Id: 1
                  Master_UUID: 84942b7b-7c8a-11ee-a8db-4609d97455dc
             Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
                    SQL_Delay: 0
          SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
      Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
           Master_Retry_Count: 86400
                  Master_Bind: 
      Last_IO_Error_Timestamp: 
     Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp: 
               Master_SSL_Crl: 
           Master_SSL_Crlpath: 
           Retrieved_Gtid_Set: 
            Executed_Gtid_Set: 
                Auto_Position: 0
         Replicate_Rewrite_DB: 
                 Channel_Name: 
           Master_TLS_Version: 
  1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3.4 验证主从复制

主库上执行插入语句：
create database test;
从库查询该纪录
show databases;